Americas War on Drugs Essays -- History of the Drug War

In 1968, President Richard Nixon initiated the War on Drugs when American soldiers were coming home from the Vietnam War addicted to heroin. More than a decade later, President Ronald Reagan launches the South Florida Drug Task force, headed by then Vice-President George Bush, in response to the city of Miami’s demand for help. In 1981, Miami was the financial and import central for cocaine and marijuana, and the residents were fed up. Thanks to the task force, drug arrests went up by 27%, and drug seizures went up by 50%. With that, the need for prosecutors and judges also rose. Despite these increased arrests and seizures, marijuana and cocaine still poured into south Florida. At this stage, the root of the problem, the Colombian Cartels, was not attacked. The DEA soon realized that they needed to crack down on the cartels. In 1982 the DEA went to Colombia to eradicate fields of marijuana and coca plants. These fields were located and burned. The hard part now, was finding the labs used to turn the coca leaves into cocaine. These labs were in very remote locations, to avoid surveillance. The DEA suspected that the cocaine labs were very large, but the Colombians kept eluding them. Finally the DEA was able to track down the chemicals used in the processing of cocaine to one of the labs, and the DEA scored their first major bust. On March 10, 1984 twelve tons of cocaine were seized from a very remote lab. The DEA thinks they made an impact, but amazingly the cocaine availability on American streets remained the same. The DEA is shocked, and realizes just how big the drug problem in the United States was. Because the Cartel leaders had money, they also began to acquire power. The dealers run for political office and win.... ...tice Policy Institute, 1997). Craig Haney, Ph.D., and Philip Zimbardo, Ph.D., "The Past and Future of U.S. Prison Policy: Twenty-five Years After the Stanford Prison Experiment," American Psychologist, Vol. 53, No. 7 (July 1998), p. 720 Abraham, Manja D., University of Amsterdam, Centre for Drug Research, Places of Drug Purchase in The Netherlands (Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam, September 1999), and pp. 1-5. www.NORML.org Other sources consulted: www.drcnet.org www.pbs.org www.erowid.org www.masscann.org The Emperor Wears No Clothes: The Authoritative Historical Record of the Cannabis Plant, Hemp Prohibition, and How Marijuana Can Still Save the World By : Jack Herer Pages : 182 (New Edition : 330) Pub Date : 1990 (New Edition : 1996) Publisher : Hemp Publishing (New Edition : Quick American Archives) ISBN : 0-88706-541-4

Christopher Columbus Hero or Tiran

Christopher Columbus is revered as the conqueror of the new world; but many people have a different view of his accomplishments. People debate on whether Columbus discoveries were self-credited or completely his findings. There are two very different views of Columbus, in one hand there is the Italian explorer who discover the Americas and the New World; in the other hand there is the Columbus, who should have been condemned for bringing slavery, diseases, and death to the indigenous inhabitants of the so-called new World. Many Americans still admire Christopher Columbus because as his story is traditionally though and passed down he discovered America. It has been argued over time that Christopher Columbus was not the hero that he is made out to be. After all, every child learns that he was the one responsible for discovering the Americas. From learning that, people immediately think he was a great man and never examine the subject any deeper. For the people who look deeper into the events that took place, they find themselves are astounded when they find how cruel he really was. As years pass and new generations seek facts in history rather than a mystique, we start finding that sometimes history gets manipulated concealing facts and only disclosing portions of the truth glorifying some characters throughout our history. As a child the information learned in schools about his life only depicted Columbus as a great explorer and colonizer who discovered the New World. Christopher Columbus (c. 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer from the Republic of Genoa, in northwestern Italy, whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. † Christopher Columbus sailed to the west across of the Atlantic searching for a better route to Asia but became famous by finding the Americas instead. In 1476 Columbus almos t paid with his life in his first trip to the Atlantic. Columbus was part of a commercial fleet that was attacked by French pirates as they sailed close to the coast of Portugal. The ship Columbus was sailing on was destroyed and he had to find his way to the Portuguese waterside. He decided to settle and in the course of the time he spent there he finally got married. Columbus collaborated in a couple of expeditions to Africa acquiring knowledge of the Atlantic Ocean as it flowed east and west from the Canary Islands. Columbus thought that the earth was in shape of a sphere and many contemporary experts of that time disagreed with him. He set his sights into sailing west across the Atlantic believing that it would be a quicker and safer route to India and china. He devised a plan and lobbied for money and ships in order to start his experimental voyage. His plan was rejected by the Portuguese and Italian when finally still full of skepticism the Spanish funded his expedition. Columbus wasn’t the first European to find the Americas, Vikings had previously settled in North American for a brief time, in Canada around the 11th century. The politically correct view is that Columbus did not discover America, because people had lived here for thousands of years. † Christopher Columbus’s explorations and voyages however, directly impacted on how people saw the world. His discoveries led to the exposure of the Americas to European colonization. It was a great time for the import and export of animals, plants and cultures, but in the other hand it brought war and death to the indigenous people who did not wanted to be ruled. It also brought to the Americas the beginning of slavery and new deceases and death. When celebrating national holiday for an individual’s achievements, a nation shows its appreciation for that individual’s accomplishments. In the United States Columbus’s Day is a national holiday. But, as we carefully examine Columbus’ voyages and ways of establishment in the New World it should change the country’s opinions about the celebration of that holiday. As I see Columbus expeditions through history, his arrival to the Americas was accompanied by death and destruction. Columbus took the credit for discovering the new world. But, in my opinion, it is impossible to discover something that has been there already, someplace being inhabited by people already. As Christopher Columbus proclaimed himself as the founder of the New World, he did not take considered any aspects about the current civilization inhabiting the land, the customs and traditions practiced in the country for as long as they had been there. With only the thought of prosperity in his mind, he introduced slavery to compensate for the non-existence promised of large amounts of gold he gave the Spanish Crown. Christopher Columbus can be argued to be both a hero and/or a villain. When people think of Columbus most think of the hero that started the exploration of America, which went on to become the modern day we have now, but based on Columbus’ actions and pursuits throughout his expeditions and time in America I believe him to be a villain that led to the downfall of many civilizations. Columbus was a very demanding and greedy man when it came to his benefits and the profits of his expeditions. He was also very stubborn and ignorant, by continually believed that he had reached Asia, instead of the Americas until he died in 1506. From the first time he met with Native Americans in 1492 until he died, Christopher Columbus took advantage of the good nature and hospitality of the natives, and eventually lead them to extinction. Columbus first started his search for a sponsor for his first expedition westward to Asia in about 1474. Columbus was very persistent when it came to finding a sponsor for his expedition; he searched and waited for about 18 years before his plan was finally found a patron, in 1492. Columbus’ main reasons for his expeditions were in order to search for a westward trade route to Asia, spread Catholicism to the people of the west, discover any new territory for Spain and of course to boost his own fame as a navigator. Even though Columbus was very lucky to find a sponsor for his expedition, Columbus took on the persona of being very demanding, by making further demands that would increase his own personal gain through this journey, like demanding one tenth of anything valuable found in the new lands, being made admiral of the Ocean Sea, as well as being named governor of all new land discovered. Columbus was also a very egocentric person, which most of his demands show. Most of Columbus’ demands had to do with some kind of leadership role, but shows his lack of leadership skills when setting up several colonies and all of them being destroyed under his governing. Columbus left for his first voyage on August 3rd, 1492, with three ships (the Ni a, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria). October 12th, 1492 Columbus’ crew first spotted land, whether because of Columbus’ lack of knowledge or his misleading belief that Asia was not as far as it was already believed to be, Columbus was convinced that this new land was Asia, but was actually a small island in the central Bahaman Islands. Coming from Europe Columbus believed â€Å"that Christians had the right to rule lands inhabited by non-Christians so without any regard for the inhabitants (Indios/Taino) of what Columbus called San Salvador (Holy Savior), Columbus claimed it for Spain and Christianity. Columbus and his sailors were greeted very graciously and were shown great generosity by the Taino. Instead of accepting their generosity and returning it Columbus only saw it as a sign of weakness, which would help him with his own personal gain. He thought that because of their generosity they would be easy to both convert to Catholicism and be conquered. Columbus continued his search for gold by traveling from island to island, claiming them for Spain, again without any consideration for their natives. The first Spain settlement set up by Columbus was on Hispaniola named La Navidad (the nativity). Here the Spanish were showered with gold by the natives of Hispaniola, which convinced the Spanish to stay. In January 1493 Columbus returned to Spain, but despite their generosity Columbus took two dozen Taino (Arawaks) captives, against their will, back to Spain. The somber chronicle of the events that ended in the genocide of the peaceful Arawaks of the Caribbean islands is amply documented in Columbus’ own letters and journals and in the pages of his most ardent admirer, Father Bartolome de Las Casas, the great contemporary historian of the West Indies who believed Columbus had been divinely inspired to make the Discove ry. † Upon his return Columbus found the settlement destroyed, so Columbus went on to build another settlement, even after the obvious failure of the first settlement. Once again Columbus left the settlement in order to search for more gold around the Caribbean. While away the colonist continued to pressure the Taino to provide food and gold, which eventually led to a revolt from the Tanio, because of his lack of leadership Columbus was replaced as viceroy. Before this Columbus allowed the colonist to control Indian labor, on his own accord against the wishes of Queen Isabelle, which would eventually lead to the encomienda system that would play a major role when it came to the destruction of the Native American tribes. During his four expeditions Columbus came in contact with several Native American tribes his first being the Taino. Columbus was very surprised by the great generosity of these people, because Europe believed so much in their selfish lifestyle and feudalistic ways that this sort of behavior was new to them. The Spanish took this as a sign of weakness and concluded that the Native Americans were very naive and would be easy to conquer and be used as labor. The Spanish took advantage of the Native Americans generosity, using them to mine gold, provide food and build houses. The Spanish showed very little respect to the Natives American’s lifestyle and culture, by forcing them to convert to the Roman Catholic faith. He assisted in the development of the encomienda system played a huge factor in the drop of population in the Native American tribes. Many of the Native Americans captured and forced to work for the Spanish died of overwork, malnutrition and deceases brought over from Europe and the African slave trade. This unfortunately did not stop the European’s slavery systems, but instead the Native Americans were replaced with African slaves. Christopher Columbus left Spain in search of a trade route that would eventually boost his own fame and wealth, but instead discovered the New World and the altruistic inhabitants that lived there. Columbus only thinking about his and Spain’s own personal gain made decisions and actions that would assist this cause, but in turn would lead to the destruction of many Native American civilizations. Greed and the hunger for power and domination destroyed in my opinion a large amount of civilizations that some of us only know because of history. As I discover my own New World through history books I see that history is in the eye of the beholder, I see that throughout time a series of events have been doctored in order to give generations a perception of greatness. But, as you dig a little deeper you will find numerous amounts of scripts and publications and at the end of the day is up to you to make your own decision.

Administrative Law and Regulatory Processes

The federal state constitution has set up various independent regulatory commissions which are established to regulate and decide on important areas of the nation's economy.According to Horn (2003), the regulatory commissions are also referred to as the quasi-legislative groups, and they operate independently with no presidential control.   Members of the regulatory commissions are appointed to their various offices by the president, and are given the approval by the senate either for staggered periods or for long terms.   The president cannot remove a head of an independent commission at will.Members who are appointed to work in the various independent commissions must have had appropriated experience working in the same industry.   The commissions should also have members from both parties and no member can be stopped from serving in the regulatory commission due to political factors.When a regulatory commission concentrates on the protection of the interests of a specific in dustry, such a commission is said to be' captured' because it protects and represents only the interest of the industry, as opposed to the protection of the public interest.   The objective of any independent and regulatory commission should be to protect and represent the interest of the public.Quasi-legislative and Quasi- judicial FunctionsThe regulatory commissions that are established as independent have both the quasi-judicial and the quasi-legislative functions, which they carry out in the discharge of their responsibilities.   Mayne & Martin (2004) observed that, the quasi-legislative functions are exercised where the commission is required to take part in the rule making, and in the carrying out of their regulatory functions.   In the carrying out of this duty, there should be the force of law whereby, when a decision is made by the commission, it becomes legally binding and anyone who does not a bid by the rule is subject to a judicial sanction.According to Mayne & Ma rtin (2004), the powers of the quasi judicial functions have been exercised in situations where disputes need to be settled in various incidents where the congress may have been involved in the giving of policing authority such as, in the business field, where the commission may have been making decisions which may be viewed as suitable for the development of commerce.For instance, there is a commission on Interstate Commerce which deals with matters of economy in the state.The regulatory commissions have the three major powers which include the legislative, judicial and the executive powers.   Unlike other arms of government that are subject to the rule which demands for power separation, this rule does not apply to the regulatory commissions.There has been so much controversy concerning the powers given to the independent regulatory commissions, and these powers have been reduced every now and then especially during the leadership of president Bush and Reagan.Horn (2003) observe d that, there has been a tremendous effort by the congress to protect the regulatory agencies from any political influence.   The congress does this by demanding that, every agency should be led by commissioners who are active in the two major political movements.

zora neal hurston essays

zora neal hurston essays In her 1928 essay, How It Feels to be Colored Me, Zora Neale Hurston meticulously understates the hardships of being black. Among many occupations held by Hurston, she was that of an anthropologist who studied the origin, behavior, social, and cultural development of humans. Hurston was not justifying the stereotypes of being Colored. Throughout How It Feels to be Colored Me she provides opportunities to use being Black as a method of empowerment as opposed to an aspect of tragedy. Hurston illustrates how she used whites for entertainment just as they did her; she points out the power and beauty of womanhood outside of race, and later states the controversial theory that slavery was the price paid for civilization. During a time when Blacks would hardly approach white people, Hurston found it most amusing to not only entertain them but to be a recipient as well. Hurston was immerged in a Negro community so white tourists were quickly noticed when traveling. Rather than cautiously watching them from a distance, as the majority did, Hurston delighted herself in being the head of the welcoming committee. She would wave, salute, sing and dance around on her front porch, which she refers to as her gallery seat, until she engaged the tourist in play. She found them intriguing, and her performances intrigued them. They were intrigued in several ways to the less than thirteen year old. These white tourists enjoyed, even rewarded Hurston for her joyful tendencies. While the Negro community condemned her for her outgoing antics, white tourists would give her silver for her performance. The white tourists may have used Hurston for their entertainment. To watch a young, vibrant, outgoing Black c hild prance around, singing, dancing, and surveying them could tend to be amusing. In retrospect, Hurston must have felt quite excited holding the center of the national stage, with s...

french thing Essays

french thing Essays french thing Essay french thing Essay french thing BY 042673 La carte info-microbe Pour cette activit? ©, tu dots cr? ©er une carte info-microbe qui va d? ©crire un microbe bizarre et fascinant que tu as invent? ©. Ta carte dolt comprendre : le nom de ton microbe son habitat ses fonctions quelque chose de bizarre et fascinant un autre aspect une image une description de sa relation avec les humains (ami ou ennemi? ) Phase 2 criterion D: Writing Level 7-8 The student: writes a wide range of phrases and expressions in a simple text effectively to communicate ideas and feelings in a limited range of familiar situations. Ideas are relevant, detailed and include examples organizes information and ideas and uses a range of basic cohesive devices; there is a logical structure and cohesive devices add clarity to the message makes excellent use of a basic range of vocabulary, grammatical structures and conventions, accurately; occasional errors do not interfere with communication writes with a sense of audience. All facts and details are interesting, clear and coherent All necessary elements are well-presented and organized Opinions are Justified (ami ou ennemi) Student correctly uses third person (II, elle, on) Student correctly uses vouloir, pouvoir and devoir Spelling and grammar are correct a range 0T Daslc coneslve aevlces; tnere Is a loglcal structure ana coneslve aevlces La carte InTo-mlcroDe quelque cnose ae Dlzarre et Tasclnant relevant, aetallea ana Include examples organlzes InTormatlon ana Ideas ana uses Student correctly uses third person (il, elle, on) spelllng ana grammar are corr ect ses Tonctlons communicate Ideas ana Teellngs In a Ilmltea range 0T Tamlllar sltuatlons. laeas are student correctly uses voulolr, pouvolr ana aevolr :

List of Literary Essay Topics Based on the 2015-2016 Nobel and Booker Winners and Shortlisted Authors

List of Literary Essay Topics Based on the 2015-2016 Nobel and Booker Winners and Shortlisted Authors List of Literary Essay Topics Based on the 2015-2016 Nobel and Booker Winners and Shortlisted Authors While you surely have heard about the Nobel Prize in Literature, not a lot of you may know about the Booker Prize. It is a literary award annually given to the author of the best original novel. The main condition for a literary work to come under the consideration of the Booker â€Å"Jury† is being written in English. The first Booker Prize was awarded in 1968 while the Nobel Prize has been acknowledging the writer’s contributions since 1901. Throughout this time they both distinguished more 160 authors and made them renowned globally. But in this article, we will mention the winners and shortlisted authors from 2015-2016 to create the most up-to-date and interesting list of literary essay topics for you. These sample titles will help you to brainstorm what you would like to write about in a literature paper. And if you often create this kind of papers, bookmark our article as it might come handy many times. The Portrait of Bob Marley in â€Å"A Brief History of Seven Killings† The Stream of Consciousness in Tom McCarthy’s â€Å"Satin Island† Chigozie Obioma and Nigeria Realities in â€Å"The Fishermen† The Migration of Indians to England and Its Economic Inner Story – Based on Sunjeev Sahota’s â€Å"The Year of the Runaways† The Topic of the Family and Its Significance in â€Å"A Spoon of Blue Thread† by Ann Tyler The Art of Satire Entwined into â€Å"The Sellout† by Paul Beatty Deborah Levy and Her Symbolic Meaning of Mother’s Milk The True Story Behind Graeme Macrae Burnet’s â€Å"His Bloody Project† The Role of Doom in â€Å"Eileen† Written by Ottessa Moshfegh Brexit Implications in David Szalay’s â€Å"All That Man Is† The Contribution of Bob Dylan into the American Songwriting How Bob Dylan Sparked the Interest of Teenagers in Poetry Post-Soviet Union Culture in the Works of Svetlana Alexievich A Not Japanese Style of a Japanese Writer Haruki Murakami The Sense of Loss as the Keynote of Haruki Murakami’s Works How NgÃ… ©gÄ © wa Thiongo’s Short Story Got Translated into 30 Languages The Controversy of Death in â€Å"Landfill† by Joyce Carol Oates Adonis and the Lack of Arabic Culture Portrayal in His Works Jon Fosse’s Contribution to Norwegian Playwriting How Ko Un’s Extraordinary Life Influenced His Creative Work These authors and their writing are leading the literature world right now. If you wish to be a frontrunner in your literature class, take one of the topics from the list or draw inspiration from it. Come up with your own topic to create an excellent academic work. You know how the title choice is significant for the overall success of the essay or research paper. That’s why we are offering you this example list to show you the direction in which you should move. Use this opportunity to produce a mind-blowing custom essay on the most up-to-date literature topic. This is your chance to get an excellent grade.

MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES - Essay Example As per Carlyle (1830), development of printing press was the first step towards the modern era of media. McLuhan has introduced the term â€Å"Media† along with other terms like â€Å"The Global Village† and the â€Å"Age of Information† which gained high popularity. In 1965 his famous book â€Å"Understanding Media: The Extension of Man† was published. Soon he was called the most important thinker after Newton, Darwin, Pavlov and few more. With the further development in technology, media has made constant evolution and has improved itself to fit best into the society. McLuhan has called media as an extension of man. (Griscom, n.d. â€Å"McLuhan’s message†). The chart given above indicates that with passage of time, some vital changes took place in the media industry. These changes are more influenced by the changes that are taking place in the field of technology and also in the society. One of such revolutionary change was brought by the development of the internet. Internet introduced speed in media. The present era of media is known as digital media due to influence of internet in each and every aspect. In the year 1964, Rand Corporation, created a communication network which had several nodes and each node was capable of originating, passing and receiving message. In 1967 Britains National Physical Laboratory succeeded in developing the first test network. This was just the beginning of a new era. With passage of time, more and more such networks came into existence. Many agencies came forward and actively participated in developing their own network. By the end of the 20th century, six basic internet domains developed. These domains got segregated by separate abbreviations for representing their address such as â€Å"gov†, which was for government; â€Å"mil†, which was for military; â€Å"edu†, which was for education; â€Å"com†, which was for commercial; â€Å"org†, which was for organisation and